To measure code coverage effectively, follow these steps:

1. Understand Code Coverage: Code coverage is a metric used to determine the amount of code executed by automated tests. It helps assess the quality and effectiveness of your testing efforts.

2. Choose a Code Coverage Tool: Select a reliable code coverage tool that suits your programming language and environment. Some popular tools include JaCoCo, Cobertura, Emma, and Istanbul.

3. Set Coverage Goals: Define the desired level of code coverage based on industry standards and your project requirements. Aim for at least 80% coverage for critical code sections.

4. Run Test Suites: Develop comprehensive test suites that cover various scenarios, including edge cases and common use cases. Ensure your tests are well-written, maintainable, and cover a significant portion of your codebase.

5. Execute Tests with Coverage Analysis: Use your chosen tool to run test suites with coverage analysis enabled. This will track which parts of your code are exercised by the tests and provide detailed reports.

6. Analyze Coverage Reports: Review the generated coverage reports to identify areas with low coverage. Focus on increasing test coverage for critical functions, error-prone modules, and new code changes.

7. Continuous Integration: Integrate code coverage analysis into your continuous integration pipeline. This ensures that coverage is checked automatically with every code commit, promoting a culture of quality and accountability.

8. Refactor and Retest: Improve test coverage by refactoring complex code,