Creative Peptides offers hundreds of peptide modifications to meet any research need. These modifications can improve the overall stability of peptides, change the structure to better understand biological functions, or enhance the immunogenicity of antibody development and production. Our exceptional quality and reliability scientists ensure that the most appropriate methods and techniques are selected for each peptide project.
Peptides are short chains of amino acids that play critical roles in biological processes, including hormone signaling, enzymatic activity, and immune function. Peptide modifications refer to the chemical or enzymatic changes made to the amino acid sequence of a peptide to alter its properties or enhance its functionality.
Common Peptide Services
- Peptide N-Terminal Modification
Peptides can be modified at the N terminus. In general, some standard peptide moieties must be accessible in order to be modified: an N-terminal amino group, the amino group of Lys, the thiol group of Cys, and the hydroxyl groups of Ser, Thr, and Tyr. These modifications might increase the biological activity of a peptide and prevent degradation by enzymes.
- Peptide C-Terminal Modification
The C-terminal of the peptide is synthesized as an amide to neutralize the negative charge created by the C-terminal COOH. This modification is added to prevent enzyme degradation, mimic native proteins, and in some cases to remove hydrogen bonding at the C-terminal of the peptides which may interfere with the assays.
- Unusual & Non-natural Amino Acids Modification
The introduction of non-natural amino acids generates modifications in the secondary and tertiary structures of a peptide and is used to further enhance the stability and activity of peptide sequences.
- Peptide PEGylation
For PEG peptides, the PEG is usually attached to the peptide using standard amide bond formation but other linkage chemistry is possible as well (e.g. thiol-maleimide, oxime ligation, click chemistry). PEGylating your peptide may overcome many of the challenges for peptide drug candidates.
- Fluorescent Dye/FRET Pairs Modification
Fluorescence and dye labeled peptides have been developed for in vivo biomedical imaging, protein binding and localization studies. The large number of commercially available fluorophores, many of them in the form of activated species ready for derivatization, has simplified the synthetic effort required to obtain the modified peptides and increased the flexibility of the designs.
- Post-translational Modification
Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) are important in the study of biology and disease prevention and treatment, which can increase the functional diversity of the proteome by the covalent addition of functional groups or proteins, proteolytic cleavage of regulatory subunits, or degradation of entire proteins.
- Cyclic Peptides
Disulfide-rich cyclic peptides and their disulfide bonds often have exciting potential as leads or frameworks in drug discovery. It can improve the potency, rigidity, target selectivity, and stability of proteases and stabilize the secondary structure of peptides.
- Custom Labeling
We can create the best custom labels for all your needs just about any custom labeling system that your operation requires. Throughout the years, Creative Peptides has created many custom solutions that have become a standard in our industry.
- Custom Conjugation Service
Peptides are often not sufficiently immunogenic to elicit an immune response alone. Synthetic peptides (1,000–3,000 Da), which are widely used to generate antibodies that can be made immunogenic by conjugation to a suitable carrier.
- Peptide Tags
Protein and peptide (epitope) tags are widely used in protein purification and protein detection. Protein tags refer to those with more than a dozen of amino acids, for example, green fluorescent protein; peptide tags and epitope tags are used interchangeably, referring to the likes of FLAG, Myc epitope, and poly-histidine.
- Biotinylated Peptides
Biotinylated peptides are very useful in immunoassay studies, such as attaching peptides to avidin-coated microtitration plates. In the solid-phase synthesis of Fmoc, biotin can be connected to the N-terminal of the peptide or to the side chain of lysine (Lys) or glutamate (Glu).
- Peptide Dimers
Peptide dimer is a polymer complex formed by two peptide monomers or a single peptide (usually non-covalently bound). Peptide dimers or polymers have many advantages over their monomer counterparts. For example, it is known that the dimerization of GPCR ligands can lead to a significant increase in affinity.
- PNA Backbone Modification
Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is an artificial oligonucleotide mimetic with a peptidic backbone in lieu of a phosphoribosyl backbone. As such, it combines the properties of both peptides and nucleic acids.
- PNA Nucleobase Modification
Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are sophisticated oligonucleotide analogs that feature nucleobases, a peptide backbone, as well as an N-terminus and a C-terminus.
Source from: https://www.creative-peptides.com/services/peptide-modification-services.html
